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- CMCC PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT MESSAGE FORMATS
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- IEN 157
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- David Flood Page
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- Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc.
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- 50 Moulton Street
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- Cambridge, Massachusetts 02238
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- (617)491-1850
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- 26 September 1980
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- IEN 157 Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc.
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- TABLE OF CONTENTS
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- Page
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- 1. PREFACE 1
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- 2. INTRODUCTION 2
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- 3. MESSAGE FORMATS 3
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- 3.1 CPU Idle Time - report type 8 4
- 3.2 Packet delay - report type 9 4
- 3.3 Gateway to gateway delay - report type 10 5
- 3.4 Bit Throughput - report type 11 7
- 3.5 Queue occupancy - trap type 3 8
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- IEN 157 Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc.
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- 1. PREFACE
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- This document describes the message formats for the
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- performance measurement reports and traps which are to be added
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- to the ARPA CMCC gateway monitoring messages. It is an addendum
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- to the Gateway Monitoring Protocol described in IEN 131, which
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- should be consulted first. Processing for the new reports and
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- traps will be added to the CMCC, and a document describing their
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- use will be issued later.
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- 1
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- Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc. IEN 157
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- 2. INTRODUCTION
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- The message types described here will be used in two ways:
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- either experimentally, in conjunction with message generators
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- used to load the Catenet until something breaks, or regularly as
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- are the other report types, to show how the Catenet is behaving
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- at any time.
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- In evaluating Catenet performance, message generators will
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- be required to load the gateways with traffic until packets are
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- dropped, the delays start to rise steeply, or the throughput
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- saturates. These conditions indicate that the limit of some
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- resource has been reached. These message generators, whose
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- implementation is yet to be defined, can be located in either the
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- gateways, the CMCC program, or in other internet hosts. When
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- both the CMCC program and the gateways implement the new message
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- types, and message generators are defined and implemented, the
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- CMCC will be able to find out how much traffic the gateways were
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- processing, where the bottlenecks lie in the Catenet, and what
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- the accompanying delays were.
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- All the measures described here are cumulative from the time
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- the gateway started. The CMCC will, by keeping suitable
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- histories of the measures, be able to show shorter term values as
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- required.
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- IEN 157 Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc.
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- 3. MESSAGE FORMATS
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- All gateway monitoring messages consist of an Internet
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- header followed by a monitoring header, and then the message
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- data. A monitoring header, as described in IEN 131, has the
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- following format:
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- Bits Contents
- 0 0 - Report or trap.
- 1 - Negotiation message.
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- 1 0 - Report.
- 1 - Trap.
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- 2-3 For a negotiation message:
- 0 - DO
- 1 - DONT
- 2 - WILL
- 3 - WONT
- For a report or trap: zero.
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- 4-7 Reserved.
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- 8-15 Report or trap type.
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- 16-31 For a negotiation message: report identifier.
- For a regular report: Sequence number.
- For a trap: data depending on trap type, i.e.
- this field is not part of the header
- for a trap message.
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- The five new message types are:
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- o CPU idle time (which gives a measure of how heavily the
- gateway is loaded).
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- o Packet delay across a gateway.
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- o Gateway to gateway delay (round trip time).
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- o Throughput (bits).
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- o Queue traps (which signal when the occupancy of a queue
- goes above or below a certain threshold value).
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- 3.1 CPU Idle Time - report type 8
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- CPU idle time gives an idea of the amount of time the
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- gateway machine is not doing useful processing. The purpose of
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- this is to find out when the CPU becomes saturated, which will be
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- the case if the proportion of idle time becomes very small. The
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- report consists of two 32-bit counts following the monitoring
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- header:
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- 1. The amount of CPU idle time since the gateway started,
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- 2. The time since the gateway started, in seconds.
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- 3.2 Packet delay - report type 9
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- Packet delay refers to the length of time a packet stays in
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- the gateway. The measurement of this delay and of gateway to
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- gateway delay are related: measurement of one begins where the
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- other ends. The model used here assumes that gateway processing
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- takes place in three parts: network I/O, queuing and routing.
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- Implementation considerations will affect just where the packets
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- can be timestamped on their way through the gateway, so that for
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- some gateways it may be possible to stamp a packet at the network
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- I/O level, while for others it may not be possible until the
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- packet enters the routing processing. This specification
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- therefore does not define where the boundary should lie, but it
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- is important that together the measures account for all the delay
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- that a packet will experience as far as the gateway is concerned.
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- It is recommended that the packet delay be made to refer to as
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- large a fraction as possible of the time the packet spends in the
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- gateway. The report consists of two 32-bit counts and two 16-bit
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- counts. All delays are in milliseconds. The format is:
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- 1. The total number of packets processed since the gateway
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- 2. The total delay for all packets processed (32 bits).
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- 3. The minimum delay experienced by a single packet (16
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- 4. The maximum delay experienced by a single packet (16
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- 3.3 Gateway to gateway delay - report type 10
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- The measurement of this delay and of packet delay are
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- related: see the first paragraph in the previous section.
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- This report could be something of an interim measure,
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- provided the gateways obtain radio synchronizing equipment for
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- measuring the one-way delay directly. However, currently only
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- the round trip delay can be determined. The report assumes that
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- gateways will use some kind of tagged echo packets to find the
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- round trip delay to each of their neighbors, the tagging being
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- used to identify specific packets.
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- The report format is a table ordered by internet address
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- considered as a 32-bit unsigned integer. Each table entry
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- consists of an internet address followed by two 32-bit counts and
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- two 16-bit counts. The internet address is the neighbor address
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- for which this delay applies. Of the 32-bit counts, the first is
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- the cumulative total of the echo packets returned by the neighbor
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- since this gateway started, and the second is the total delay
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- experienced by those returned packets, in milliseconds. The two
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- 16-bit counts are the minimum and maximum delays, in
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- milliseconds, for a single packet sent to the neighbor. There
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- will be one table entry for each neighbor address, so that if a
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- gateway is a neighbor on two networks then it will have two table
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- entries. There will be an entry for each such address for each
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- neighbor that replies to the echoes, whether or not that neighbor
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- is a routing gateway. The table size may grow as new neighbors
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- come up while a gateway is running, but it may not shrink; the
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- entry for a gateway that stops replying will simply remain
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- unchanged.
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- The report format is therefore:
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- Internet address of first neighbor,
- lowest network number
- Total of echo packets returned by this neighbor
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- Total delay experienced (32 bits)
- Minimum delay to this neighbor (16 bits)
- Maximum delay to this neighbor (16 bits)
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- Internet address of last neighbor,
- highest network number
- Total echo packets returned (32 bits)
- Total delay (32 bits)
- Minimum delay for this neighbor (16 bits)
- Maximum delay for this neighbor (16 bits)
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- 3.4 Bit Throughput - report type 11
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- In contrast with the packet throughput report type, which
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- has its emphasis on the number of packets a gateway can process,
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- the bit throughput report type focuses on how fast a gateway's
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- network connections can accept or deliver data. The report is a
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- table of pairs of 32-bit counts ordered by interface; the first
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- count in each pair is the cumulative total of bits processed
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- coming in at that interface, and the second is the output count.
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- Interfaces are ordered as in the gateway description message,
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- report type 0. There are two extra 32-bit counts at the end of
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- the message: the first is the total of bits dropped, and the
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- second is the time since the gateway started, in seconds. The
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- counts for the interfaces include all traffic at that interface,
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- including control traffic and messages originating at the
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- gateway.
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- The format of the message is therefore:
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- Input count for first interface
- Output count for first interface
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- Input count for nth interface
- Output count for nth interface
- Dropped count
- Time since gateway up
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- 3.5 Queue occupancy - trap type 3
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- This is a trap message which is sent by the gateway whenever
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- a queue length exceeds a threshold percentage specified in the
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- trap request message, or when the occupancy falls below that
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- threshold after having been above it for some time. If a queue
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- is loaded such that the threshold occupancy is continually being
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- passed in each direction, a large number of these traps would be
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- generated in a short time. To avoid this, there should be some
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- minimum time interval between successive trap messages. It is
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- left up to the individual gateway implementors to decide what
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- this time interval should be; experience with using this trap
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- type will probably suggest a reasonable value.
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- Note that this replaces the earlier Queue full trap
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- described in IEN 131. I believe that a percentage occupancy trap
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- is more useful because if a queue becomes full, the gateway is
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- probably already dropping packets and the message is not useful
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- as an early warning. In any case, a queue full trap is just a
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- 100% percentage occupancy trap.
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- The DO TRAP message for this trap type requires an extra
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- piece of information: the percentage occupancy of the queue which
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- is to trigger the trap. This is expressed as an integer in a
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- single byte following the report id field in the DO TRAP message.
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- A gateway should only use one value of this threshold at a time,
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- so that a second DO TRAP message will supersede the previous one
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- if the threshold value is different.
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- The DO TRAP message for this trap type has the format:
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- Bits Contents
- 0 1
- 1 1
- 2-3 0
- 4-7 0
- 8-15 3
- 16-31 report identifier
- 32-39 occupancy threshold
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- The trap message has the following format:
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- Bits Contents
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- 0-7 Interface number of Queue.
- 8-11 Input(0) or output(1) queue.
- 12-15 Above(0) or below(1) the specified occupancy.
- 16-23 The occupancy percentage used as a trigger.
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